Porosity, cracks, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured tooling alloys: a review

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are currently employed for the of completely functional parts and have gained attention high-technology industries such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical fields. This is mainly due to their advantages in terms low material waste high productivity, particularly owing flexibility geometries that can be generated. In tooling industry, specifically dies molds, AM enable generation complex shapes, internal cooling channels, repair damaged an improved performance molds employing multiple materials. present paper, a review processes materials applied industry addressed. used applications characteristics this first presented. addition, most relevant state-of-the-art approaches analyzed with respect process parameters microstructural mechanical properties processing high-performance processes. Concretely, studies on ferrous (maraging steels H13 steel alloy) non-ferrous (stellite alloys WC alloys) also analyzed.